Heating apparatus.



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HEATING APPARATUS'.

.APPLICATION FILED MAY I3. i915.

1 ,287,405. Patented Dec. 10, 1918.

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HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATIQN FILED MAY I3. i915.

1,287,405. Patented Dec. 10, 1918.

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HEATING APPARATUS.

APPLlcATloN man .MAY 13. |915. 1,287,405.

Patented Deo. 10, 1918.

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UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEroE.,

HENRY W. ODOWD, 0F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO I/VIILIAM M. CRANE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK. l

HEATING APPARATUS.

Specicaton of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 10, 1918.

Applcaton'led May 13, 1915. Serial No. 27,761.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY W. ODown, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Jersey City, county of Hudson, and State of New Jersey, have made certain new and useful Improvements in Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The invention pertains to a type of stove or range having superposed fire-places, adapted separately to supply heat to an oven, and which together are available for general cooking purposes, such as boiling, frying, roasting, baking, or the like.

A feature of the invention herein disclosed resides in the provision of an upper heatgenerating chamber centrally located in relation to 'the top of the stove, the principal object of this construction being to insure a better distribution of the heat throughout the cooking surface than can be obtained when the fireplace is positioned in front, as was formerly practised. The proximate result of centering the said chamber is to equalize the temperature all around the fireplace, rendering the front of the stove not so hot and the back not so cold as in the structure of the art, and causing the sides as well to become evenly heated. The centered chamber also lessens the discomfort of leaning over or reaching across the top of the hotv stove, and makes it easier to shift the utensils thereon to and from the fire, as needed.

Another feature of the invention, related to the above, consists in surrounding the top fire-place on all sides with a novel combination of metallic and refractory heat-absorbers, the oiiice whereof is to entrap the major portion of the escaping heat units from the central source before they can reach the flues, and thereby to localize the heat transmission in and about the perimeter of the cooking surface, with the result that the whole top is practically of one temperature. This permits of reducing the size of the fireplace so as to cut down the consumption of fuel to the minimum amount, and further to restrict the stoves dimensions to a unit of convenient size for any one person to operate; and in hotels, restaurants, and similar establishments where it is desirable' to use a number of such units simultaneously, they can be placed at their several stations without waste of floor space.

According to another feature of the invention, the fire-places, the oven, and some encircling flues therefor are insulated within the stove,n being surrounded for the most part by a jacket, which itself is separated by non-conductingrmedia from the outer shell or casing. By thus locating interiorly the sources of heat and the parts aifected thereby, the heating efficiency is the better conserved, while eXteriorly the temperature of the stove is moderated sufficiently to enable' the attendant to stand close to it without discomfort.

The invention is further characterized by the groupiiw in compact formation of the superposed lire-places with an intermediate oven and enveloping flues that bring the separately generated heat currents together; by an oven formed with an apertured top facilitating` the instantaneous evacuation of odors andl vapors of an objectionable nature; by a self-opening damper providing a direct exit for the products of combustion out of the upper fire-place whenever the oven door is opened; and by several other distinguishing features hereinafter described, and having for their common object to render the stove aptly proportioned, sanitary in character, and highly eHective.

The invention consists in the novel combinations, features of construction, and parts herein shown and describech The accompanying drawings illustrate a preferred embodiment ofthe invention and serve in connection with the description herein to explain the principles of the invention.

Of the drawings:

Figure l is a sectional side'elevation of a gas-stove constructed in accordance with the invention g Y Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section on the irregular line 2-2 of Fig. l, looking toward the rear of the stove;

Fig. 3 is a sectional plan taken from the irregular line 3 3 of Fig. 1, looking down; and

Fig. 4 is a partial section taken along the irregular line 4 4 of Fig. 2, looking to th right. Y Y Y The outer casing of the stovev is composed of a number of plates 11, oppositelyk joined to one another and respectively.constituting its sides, front, back, top and bottom. In the drawings, these several parts appear as if they were cast integral, but it will lrqunL Cil derstood that the illustration of the invention, as given herein, is of a diagrammatic nature and does not purport to affordthe structural data usually required in the stove works or factory.

Vit-hin the said casing is placed an inner jacket, likewise composed of separate metal plat-es 12, 13,14: and 15, appropriately ointed one to another. The sundry plates entering into the formation of this jacket are arranged parallel to the plates 11, but spaced away therefrom at predetermined intervals to produce inteiwening air-gaps 17, as a means of insulation from the exterior. For a similar purpose, sheets 19, of asbestos or other suitable heat-absorbing material, are attached to the several jacket plates, the outer face of each `being fully covered, inside the said air-gaps. The latter, it will be observed, surround the jacket within the casing, excepting` the top, where the suface cooking is to be periormed, and except also at. the front, which requires lcss insulation than the other parts owing to the store draft naturally diverting the heat rearward, and consequently permits the omission of an airgap forward and adding the space thereby saved to the. useful depth of the oven, with obvious advantages.

An oven is formed interiorly of the jacket aforesaid, by means of vertical plates 21, 22, 23, and horizontal plates 24;, 25, all of which may consist of metal castings, or metallic sheets of suitable thickness. As shown, the plates 21 and 22 extend from the front of the outer casing, on opposite sides of an opening 26 therein closed by a door 27, to the back 13 of the jacket. These two plates are conveniently secured in position by bending their vertical edges to produce laterally directed flanges 23, 29, and riveting the same to the said casing front and jacket back, respectively. The third vertical plate 23 is set between and fastened to the plates 21, 22, at some distance inward from the rear jacket plate 13. The horizontal plates 2e, 25, reach forward from the plate 23 to the upper and lower edges, respectively, of the door-opening 26, between the side plates 21, 22, and will be more particularly.' referred to hereinafter.

lThe lateral plates 21 and 22 appertaining to the oven aforesaid, or equivalent continuations of the saine plates, are utilized also to form the sides of two heat-generating chambers, located one above and the other below the oven, and having the front of the casing and the back of the jacket for their forward and rear walls, respectively. The groupingof these parts, it will be seen, result-s in a beneficial accumulation of heat units and consequent economy of heat, due to the intermediate situation of the oven, enabling it to be heated by the several plates themselves through conduction, besides receiving direct heat emanations out of the saidv chambers, as will lpresently be explained.

Preferably, the Lipper heat-generating chamber is raised some distance from the top plate 24 of the oven, and made to occupy the space comprised between the upper ends of the said lateral plates 21, 22, the corresponding opposite portions of the casing front and the jacket back thereto adjoining, and a iioor 32, which latter is laid parallel to the oven top, but extended farther to the rear so as to bridge over the space that was left behind the back plate 23 by setting it inward from the jacket back, as above stated. The floor 32 consists of an imperfora-te metal casting or sheet having goodconductibility and suflicient strength to support a thick layer orl 1in ing 33, of lirebrick or other refractory material, which may be brought up thereon to the upper margins of the said plates 21 and 22. A recess or cavity 34, provided in the brick or refractory material centrally of the stove and oven, supplies the tire box or pot particularly devoted to heat generation.

ln order to facilitate the cooking by gas, a circular metalic pan 36 is placed in the said recess 3st, and suspended therein slightly above the floor 32, by a marginal flange 37, with which the said pan is provided, the flange extending over and resting upon the adjacent surface of the brick or refractory material 33. A cluster of gas-burners 38, preferably composed of concentric annular members equipped with upwardly directed jets 39, and separate feed-pipes as 40, is set in a horizontal position within the pan 36, where the same may be supported partly by its own feed-pipes and partly by other rests Ll1, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. Each feed pipe passes through a suitable opening made therefor in the side of the pan, and is connected atits inner end to one of the burners in the said cluster. Thence the feed-pipe extends outwardly through a channel e2 running across the fire-brick, and through the front of the outer casing, where it is provided with the usual air-miXer and rotary plug-valve, and connects with an outer supply-pipe Holes 4G are bored through the sides of the pan, near the bottom thereof, to let in a sufficient amount of air beneath the burner to support combustion, but otherwise the pan serves to protect the burners from harmful exposure to the atmosphere.

rlie upper heat-generating chamber, above described, lies directly under the top of the casing or cooking top of the stove` but it is sufficiently remote therefrom to permit the flames or heat flow from the burners 3S to spread out beyond the rim of the pan 36 and over the brick or refractory material 33 disposed therearound. Bv preference, all that portion of the top which overlies the said generating chamber is made removable and comprises a wide ring 49, held by a mames circular flange 50, immediately above the firebrick; a series of interfitted narrower rings 51, sustained concentrically by the said ring A19 and by one another; and a central cover plate 52, fitting the innermost ring of the said series and positioned opposite the center of the cluster of burners 38. It is understood that for indirect cooking with the said burners the cover and rings are all kep-t in their assigned positions thereover, as shown in the drawings. On the other hand, for direct cooking, to wit, through immediate contact with the burners fiames, the cover 52 is removed, and if need be, one or more of the rings `51, according to the size of the Vutensil to be accommodated. Occasionally, the wider ring 49 may also be taken off, to permit cleaning or the making of repairs.

Prongs or dentate projections 55 are formed on the underl side of the ring 49, for instance, by integral casting, so as toincrease the massiveness of the ring and further' augment its superficial area in order that it may the better arrest and impound the heat waves that flow laterally from the central cluster of burners 38. These prongs are distributed throughout the under face of the ring and pointed toward the upper face of the irebrick 33, which they approach in a manner to modify considerably the width of space left between it and the cooking top of the stove. Much of the heat, consequently, is trapped, divided, and cumulated between the pronged metal ring and the firebrick, with the result that the top of the stove is heated to a practicallv uniform extent in all of its parts. This is unlike the conditions obtaining in other stoves, which have shown an eXtreme variation in temperature between the rear of the cooking surface and the front or ends, where the fire-place is located, whereas in the present construction, the heat generated at the centrally-positioned burners varies but little from what is amassed by and stored in the circumscribing fireb-rick and studded metallic ring.

A direct exit for the products of combustion out of the upper firechamber, while the latter remains covered, is obtained by cutting down or across the firebrick 33 in the manner indicated in Fig. 1, and leading the product-s, as shown by the dotted arrows.l

. into rearwardly-disposed piping 57. The

exit includes an elbow 58 on the piping and a tubular fitting 59, discharging thereinto transversely of the interspaced back plates of the outer casing and jacket within. Farther up, the piping is connected with an outlet-pipe 60, rising from the top plate of thc stove at the rear and leading to a chimney (not shown). This passage for the products of combustion, in the embodiment of the invention herein exemplified, is convWhen the said exit is closed and the stove Y.

kept covered, all of the heat from the upper fire-place remaining unabsorbed by the cooking top or lirebrick beneath is deflected l'aterally and downwardly, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 2, into side fiues 64, formed between the vertical plates 21, 22, and the opposite sides 12, 11 of the jacket.` From these fines` the heat currents flow inward under the oven, past the lower ends of the said plates, and thence back, at least partly, into the before mentioned space that separates the vertical plate 23 of the oven from the adjacent plate 13 of the jacket, which space constitutes a rear flue 66. Communicating with the last-named flue is a tubular fitting 68, leading the products of combustionracross the rear plates 13` and 11, and registering with an elbow 69 at the bot-toni o'f the piping 57, which conveys the products to the outlet 60.

The lower heat-generating chamber, hereinbefore referred to, takes up the space included between the bottom 25 Iorf the oven and the lower ends of its said Vertical plates 21, 22 and 23. In this lower chamber are placed several gas-burners 71, preferably of the straight tubular type, held in parallelism therein. These burners are supported in front by the outer casing plate 11, and at the rear by hangers 72, Vfrom a bracket 73, on the back plate 23 of the oven. Like the concentric burners of the upper chamber, the parallel burners 71 are provided with the customary valves and air-miXers, and. fed from an outer supply-pipe 76, mounted transversely of the stove in front. An ob servation aperture protected by a mica pane 78, in the casing front, enables the operator to watch the action of these lower` burners, and to regulate the flames thereof to suit all requirements. f

From the said lower chamber, the heat produced by the burners 71 is first directed against the under side of the bottom oven plate 25, which as shown extends the full depth of the oven from front to rear, and also the full width thereof from side to side, with the exception of some lateral apertures, notches, or indentations 81, 82. The plate 25, in its preferred form, includes a double sheet of metal, folded box-like to incase a packing 83, of asbestos or similar Vheat-absorbing material. Being located directly over the burners 71, this packed plate transmits much of the heat from the lower rechamber to the oven by radiation, and the remainder directly through its said apertures. The plate may be set :loose in the bottom of the oven, resting for instance, upon the sole of the rear bracket 73, and'similar brackets or ledges 85, 86, on the side plates ai, Y Y

In practice, the oven may be treated as one compartment inclosed by the above enumerated plates 21 to 25, inclusive, and the door 27, or it may be made up of two or more divisions separated by intermediate shelving, as 88. The latter is preferably cast with apertures 89, to permit the internal heat to rise from one division into another. Side brackets or ledges 91, 92 are provided on the Walls il, 22, of the oven for this shelving to slide and rest on in the usual manner, so that it may be put in or taken out as required.

The products of combustionivhich ascend into the upper part of the oven are led out therefrom through apertures 94, in the top plate 21, and into the space that separates the latter from the lioor 32 thereabove. This space of itself constitutes an intermediate flue 95, between the oven and the upper heatgenerating chamber. Through this iiue, the

heat units yielded up by the combustion products are absorbed by the under side of the iioor and the remaining vapors and volatilized organic substances find an egress into the rear tine GG, whence they are drawn out of the stove by Way of the tubular fitting 68, and up the elbow-pipe 57 and chimney outlet 60 thereto connected.

As before stated, the damper 61 controls the direct eXit for the products of combustion out of the upper fire-chamber. This damper is conveniently located in the top elbon7 58, and has a Weighted bell-crank lever 97, attached to its axis in such a manner that the Weight thereon will be raised when the ldamper is shut, and consequently will tend to swing the lever doivn and cause the damper normally to open. As shown in Figs. 1 and el, the damper is closed against the action of the said ,weight by means of a rod 98, designed to be actuated by the door of the oven. rllhe main portion of the rod 98 runs Within the flue 95, Where it is suspended by one or more guides, as 99. From the flue 95 the rod passes out of the stove, through the interspaced jacket and casing back plates, and is turned up to bringl its rear end into engagement With the univeighted arm of the lever 97. .t the front of the stove, the forward end of the rod is curved downward, as at 100, and passes through a slot 101, in the top plate Q4, of the oven. r)The rod reaches the door 27 and abuts against the inner face thereof, when the door is closed or nearly closed. rlhe arrangement is such that when the door tightly shut, it operates to slide the rod back and keep the damper closed with it. If, on the contrary, the door is opened, the damper will open also, due to the action of the weighted lever, which incidentally slides the rod forward.

The said door 27, by preference, is made to open from the top of the oven downward, and carries an inner lining 103, of asbestos or like heat-absorbing material. In Figs. 1 and 3, this door is shown as being hinged at 104, along the botom line of the opening 26, and held in closed position by means of a latch 105, adapted to slide on and oli' a cam-faced catch 106. A handle 107, at the upper end of the door, affords the instrumentality with Which to open and close it. In order to avoid any injurious concussion When it is suddenly opened and dropped, the door is further provided with a pair of telescoping shock-absorbers 108, hingedly connected by their lower ends, as at 109, with the front plate 11 of the outer casing, and having pivotal connections 110, at their upper ends, with flanges 111, on the face of the door. These several features of construction are brieiy referred to herein simply to indicate the general character of the structure illustrated in the accompanying drawings, but no attempt will be made to include them in the subjoined claims, as they have already been incorporated in other patent applications.

In the operation of the stove, it is evident that by virtue of the construction above described the operator has a perfect control over the temperature of both the cooking top and the oven, being enabled to raise and lower it to any degree according to his own discretion and judgment. Thus, he may use only one or two or more of the burners at the top, and likewise under the oven, varying the heat in proportion. If an intense flame is desired at the surface, it can be had instantly by removing the cover and adjacent ring or rings, and lighting the burner or burners required. A strong heat can also be obtained hy keeping the cover and rings in place on the stove, owing to the proximity of the flaming burners to the surface. The Whole top Will be available at a high temperature by lighting all of the upper burners, covering the stove with the culinary utensils, and causing the products of combustion to spread and pass between the surrounding refractory material and the studded metal ring thereabove. If some dishes are to be kept hot While the surface cooking is going on, they may be put into the oven and the door shut, in which case the damper is closed and the dishes are heated by the currents from. the upper fireplace reaching the oven indirectly through the side lues, the products of combustion also having an indirect egress. The oven is independently heated y the burners in the lower 'fire-chamber, and therefore can be used at any time, even though there may be no cooking nor heating at the surface by the top burners. The vertical draft through the oven promptly dispersos and eliminates the undesirable products of combustion through ythe apertures in its top plate, and meanwhile there is no waste of heat, since the products lodge temporarily in the intermediate flue and further have to descend to the bottom of the stove in the back iue before they can escape into the outlet to the chimney.

While there has been disclosed what is believed to be the most practicable embodiment of the invention, it is obvious lthat many changes can be effected therein without departing from its underlying principle or sacrificing any of its chief advantages. It is to be understood, therefore, that the invention is not confined to the precise details of construction and arrangements of parts as are now shown and described, but right is'reserved to all such alterations and modifications thereof as may come fairly within the scope of the following claims, either in terms or in substance.

I claim:

1. A stove comprising upper and lower sources of heat, an oven with apertures in its top and bottom therebetween, and means providing a merger of heat currents from said sources at the bottom of the oven.

2. A. stove comprising an oven with an apertured top and bottoni, sources of heat above and below the same, means producing a mixed flow of heat currents from said sources into said oven, and a flue overlying said top in communication with its aperture.

3. A stove including an oven apertured'at the bottom and top; a source of heat at the upper portion of said oven; an indirect outlet for said source of heat at the lower portion of said oven; an internal flue receiving currents from the source 0f heat and leading them down the rear wall of the oven; and means directing the heat currents through the oven out at the top thereof and downwardly to the indirect outlet.

4. The combination in a stove having a draft outlet, of an oven; a source of heat at the upper portion of said oven; means for directing heat currents from said source of heat downwardly around said oven; means for passing said heat currents through said oven and out at the top thereof; and means for directing said heat currents downwardly to saiddraft outlet after they have passed out at the top of the oven.

The combination in a stove having a draft outlet, of an oven having side and bot- Copies of this patent may be obtained for iivc cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

tom portions; a source of heat at the upperportion of said oven; means for directing heat currents from said source of heat downwardly around the side portions of said oven to the bottom portion; means for passing the heat currents from the bottom of the oven up through the oven and out at the top thereof; and means for directing the heat currents downwardly over another side of said oven to said draft outlet, after the heat currents have passed out at the top of the oven.

6. The combination in a stove, of an oven having upper and lower portions; an upper source of heat; a lower source of heat; means for directing heat currents from the upper source of heat and mingling them with heat currents from the lower source of heat, the mingling being effected at the lower portion of the oven; and means for passing the mingled heat currents up through said oven and out at the top thereof.

7 The combination in a stove having a draft outlet, of an oven having upper and lower portions; an upper source of heat; a lower source of heat; means for directing heat currents from the upper source of heat and mingling them with heat currents from the lower source of heat; means for passing the mingled heat currents up through the oven and out through the top thereof; and

means for directing the mingled heat currents downwardly to the draft-outlet after they have passed out through the top of the oven. 1

8. The combination in a stove having an oven; a source of heat at the upper portion of said oven; a direct draft outlet at the upper portion of said oven; an indirect outlet at the lower portion of said oven; means establishing communication between said source-of heat and said outlets; a door for said oven; and means directing heat currents from the source of heat down around said oven and out through the indirect outlet at the lower portion of the oven when the door is closed, said means being operable upon opening the door to permit passage of heat currents directly through the upper outlet.

In Vtestimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

HENRY W. ODOWD.

Washington, D. C. 

